污油泥处理的主要特征是什么？（What are the main characteristics of sludge treatment?）

污油泥处理是指油田在生产过程当中原油开采、储存、集水、加工、原油采收期处理过程当中产生的泥浆。以含有原油或原油的部分成分而闻名。主要分为落地油泥、罐油泥、浮选碎屑等。 Sludge treatment refers to the mud produced in the process of crude oil exploitation, storage, water collection, processing and crude oil recovery. Known to contain crude oil or parts of crude oil. It is mainly divided into landing sludge, tank sludge, flotation debris and so on.   污油泥处理的主要特征是什么？ 去除含油废水中的油分，使水质达到排放标准的工艺。发电厂的油污水主要有油罐集体排水、油罐排水、装卸台清洗水、油泵室排水、输油管道清洗排水、主要工厂汽轮机和旋转机械轴承油系统排水、油罐区降雨排水、地面清洗水等。油分含量约为600 ~ 10000mg/l。石油污水排入河流、湖泊或海湾后，水会受到污染，影响水生生物的生存。用于农业灌溉会堵塞土壤的空隙，阻碍农作物的生长。因此，含油废水需要处理才能排出。  What are the main characteristics of sludge treatment? The process of removing oil from oily wastewater so that the water quality meets the discharge standard. The oil sewage of power plant mainly includes collective drainage of oil tank, drainage of oil tank, cleaning water of loading and unloading platform, drainage of oil pump room, cleaning and drainage of oil pipeline, drainage of steam turbine and bearing oil system of rotating machinery in main factories, rainfall drainage of oil tank area, ground cleaning water and so on. The oil content is about 600 ~ 10000mg/ L. When oil wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes or bays, the water will be polluted and aquatic life will be affected. Agricultural irrigation can clog up gaps in the soil and hinder the growth of crops. Therefore, oily wastewater needs to be treated before it can be discharged.   污油泥处理的工艺是什么？ 含油废水来源包括石油、化学等工业部门。经常使用聚集、受伤、过滤等方法。根据生产的含油废水水质特色和出水水质要求，污水处理工艺应采用生物处理达到预期目的，可供挑选的处理工艺如下： What is the process of sludge treatment? Sources of oily wastewater include petroleum, chemical and other industrial sectors. Aggregation, injury, and filtering are often used. According to the quality characteristics and effluent quality requirements of oil-bearing wastewater produced, biological treatment should be adopted for wastewater treatment to achieve the expected purpose. The alternative treatment processes are as follows:   1.含油废水处理盐析法 含油废水处理盐析法的基本原理是压缩水面界面上正电层的厚度，稳定油立。单纯盐析法投药量大(1%~5%)，收敛速度慢，沉降分离一般在24h以上，设备占地面积大，表层活性剂稳定的乳化液的处理效果也不好。但是该法操作简单，成本低，所以使用较多，作为初级处理，应用更广泛。 Salting out method for treating oily wastewater The basic principle of salting out method for treating oil-bearing wastewater is to compress the thickness of the positive layer on the surface of water and stabilize the oil. Simple salting-out method has large dosage (1%~5%), slow convergence speed, sedimentation and separation generally more than 24h, equipment covers a large area, and the treatment effect of surfactant stabilized emulsion is not good. But this method is simple to operate, low cost, so it is used more, as a primary treatment, more widely used.   2.含油废水处理絮凝方法 常用的无机混凝剂是铝盐和铁盐，特别是近年来出现的无机高分子混凝剂(如聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝等)，因其使用量少、效率高、pH值范围广等优点而备受关注。武器凝固剂处理速度快，比盐析法小型化，但药剂昂贵，泥浆生成量大。目前，有机高分子混凝剂在含油废水处理方面可以作为其他方法的助剂。 2. Flocculation method for treatment of oily wastewater The commonly used inorganic coagulants are aluminum salt and iron salt, especially the inorganic polymer coagulants (such as polymeric ferric sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride, etc.), which have attracted much attention due to their advantages of low usage, high efficiency and wide pH range. Weapon coagulant is faster and smaller than salting-out method, but it is expensive and produces large amount of mud. At present, organic polymer coagulants can be used as additives in the treatment of oily wastewater.   3.含油废水处理电絮凝脱脂方法 金属铝或铁用阳极电解处理含油废水的方法主要应用于机械加工工业中冷却润滑油化学凝固后的二次处理。电凝的优点是处理效果好、占地面积小、操作简单、渣量相对少，但缺点是阳极金属消耗量大、需要大量盐类作为助剂、耗电量高、操作成本高。 3. Electric flocculation degreasing method for oily wastewater treatment The anodic electrolysis of aluminum or iron to treat oily wastewater is mainly used in the secondary treatment of cooling lubricating oil after chemical solidification in machining industry. The advantages of electrocoagulation are good treatment effect, small occupation area, simple operation and relatively less slag, but the disadvantages are large consumption of anode metal, the need for a large amount of salt as additives, high power consumption and high operating cost.   4.含油废水处理粗粒化方法 粗粒化方法脱油的效果与表层活性剂的存在和数量多少有关。微量表层活性剂的存在可以组织粗糙颗粒化床的效果，所以这种方法对含有表层活性剂的乳化油污水的脱油没有效果。粗糙的颗粒化法不需要添加化学药品，没有二次污染，设备占地面积小，基础成本低，前景好，但流出含量高，需要经常进一步深入处理。 4. Crude granulation method for treatment of oil-bearing wastewater The deoiling effect of coarse-granulation method depends on the presence and quantity of surfactant. The presence of trace surfactants can prevent the effect of coarse granulation bed, so this method has no effect on deoiling emulsified wastewater containing surfactants. The coarse granulation method does not require the addition of chemicals, has no secondary pollution, the equipment occupies a small area, the basic cost is low, and the prospects are good, but the outflow content is high, requiring frequent further treatment.